Test library
Sickle Cell Trait Test
The sickle cell screening test checks a blood sample for hemoglobin S, the abnormal hemoglobin that causes sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait. It is used to identify carriers and affected individuals.
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Order Sickle Cell Anemia Screening Test- Typical turnaround
- 1-3 business days
- Starting price
- From $118
- Results
- Confidential, online
Quick answer
The sickle cell screening test examines a blood sample for hemoglobin S, an abnormal form of hemoglobin that can cause red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped. The test helps identify people with sickle cell trait and those with sickle cell disease. It is often part of newborn screening and may also be ordered for older children and adults. A healthcare provider interprets the result and can arrange follow-up testing.
What this test measures
Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells. In sickle cell disease, a mutation produces hemoglobin S, which can make red blood cells stiff and crescent-shaped under low-oxygen conditions. These cells can block blood flow and break down early, leading to anemia and episodes of pain. The screening test detects the presence of hemoglobin S but does not by itself distinguish between trait and disease.
Screening is typically done with a blood sample. Initial methods may include solubility or other rapid techniques, and abnormal screening results are confirmed with a more definitive method such as hemoglobin electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography. These follow-up methods identify the exact hemoglobin pattern, which separates sickle cell trait from the disease.
Newborn screening programs test for sickle cell disease so that care can begin early. Older children and adults may be tested when symptoms suggest the condition, when there is a family history, or when someone wants to know their carrier status before having children. Genetic counseling and a qualified healthcare provider can explain the implications of the result.
- Hemoglobin S (HbS)
- Hemoglobin A (HbA)
- Hemoglobin F (HbF)
- Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2)
- Hemoglobin C when present
- Solubility screen result
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern
- Complete blood count with hemoglobin and hematocrit
Why people order this test
- Identify sickle cell trait carrier status
- Support newborn or childhood screening
- Evaluate symptoms of anemia or unexplained pain
- Confirm a family history of sickle cell disease
- Inform reproductive planning before pregnancy
How to prepare
No fasting is required for a blood sample. A sample is collected from a vein, or a small heel or finger stick may be used in screening programs. Follow the instructions provided by the laboratory or screening program.
Understanding your results
Results are usually available within one to three business days. A screening result indicates whether hemoglobin S is present, and abnormal results are confirmed with a more specific method that identifies the exact pattern. A qualified healthcare provider explains what the final result means.
Sickle Cell Trait Test by state
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Connecticut
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Florida
Sickle Cell Trait Test across Florida.
Georgia
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Idaho
Sickle Cell Trait Test across Idaho.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease?
Sickle cell trait means a person carries one copy of the hemoglobin S gene and usually has no symptoms. Sickle cell disease means two copies are present, or one copy with another abnormal hemoglobin, and it can cause serious health problems.
How is the test performed?
A blood sample is tested for hemoglobin S. If the screen is positive, a confirmatory test such as hemoglobin electrophoresis is used to determine the exact pattern.
Does the test require fasting?
No. Fasting is not required because the test examines hemoglobin in red blood cells.
Can the test be done during pregnancy?
Carrier status can be checked before or during pregnancy. A healthcare provider can explain the timing and implications for reproductive planning.
Is a positive screen the final diagnosis?
No. A positive screening result is followed by confirmatory testing that identifies the specific hemoglobin pattern before a diagnosis is made.
Ready to get tested?
Order online and visit a collection site near you, or choose a mail-in kit. No referral and no insurance required.
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