Mycoplasma Hominis and Ureaplasma Test

What this test measures

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma species are small bacteria that can colonize the urinary and genital tract. They are often present without causing any problems, which makes interpretation more complex than simply detecting them. In some situations they are associated with symptoms such as discharge, burning, or pelvic discomfort. Whether they are acting as a cause or a bystander depends on the clinical context.

The test is usually performed with nucleic acid amplification, which detects the genetic material of both organisms. A urine sample is a common collection method, and swabs from the genital tract may also be used. The laboratory reports each organism separately, so a provider can see whether one or both were detected.

Because these bacteria can be present without causing illness, a positive result does not automatically mean they need to be treated. Clinicians weigh the result against symptoms, other test findings, and the person's history. A negative result makes these organisms less likely but does not rule out every cause of symptoms. A qualified healthcare provider decides what the findings mean and what, if anything, should follow.

• Mycoplasma hominis DNA by nucleic acid amplification
• Ureaplasma urealyticum DNA by nucleic acid amplification
• Ureaplasma parvum DNA when reported separately
• First-catch urine specimen
• Genital or vaginal swab specimen when collected
• Chlamydia and gonorrhea co-testing when ordered together

Why people order this test

• Evaluate urinary or genital symptoms such as discharge or burning
• Check for these organisms when other common infection tests are negative
• Investigate persistent or recurrent pelvic or urethral symptoms
• Assess a partner-related concern with a provider
• Provide direct detection when a specific organism is suspected

How to prepare

A first-catch urine sample may be requested, meaning the first part of the urine stream is collected. The laboratory may ask you to avoid urinating for a period before collection. Follow the instructions supplied with the order and at the collection site.

Understanding your results

Results are typically available within one to three business days. The report shows whether each organism was detected, and a healthcare provider interprets this with the symptom history. Because these bacteria can be present without causing problems, a positive result does not always require action.